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James Young Simpson, 1811 - 1870, was a Scottish medical researcher who is credited with the application of chloroform as an anaesthetic.

Boyle's Law. PV = nRT, where P is the gas pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T the temperature.

As the term suggests, macroeconomics is the counterpart of microeconomics, addressing the large-scale, nation-wide and global economies, rather than the small business and individual level.

Johann Bernoulli, 1667 - 1748, was a Swiss mathematician, one of two brothers who founded the Bernoulli family dynasty which dominated mathematics for more than a century.

John Wallis, 1616 - 1703, English mathematician, credited with inventing the ∞ symbol for infinity.

Rudolf Diesel, 1858 - 1913, was a German engineer, whose name is used for his invention of the diesel engine.

Paul Dirac, 1902 - 1984, English physicist, a leading figure in 20th century physics. His Dirac Equation describes fermions and predicted the existence of anti-matter, winning him a Nobel Prize in 1933.

François, Viète, 1540 - 1603, was a French mathematician whose work involvement stages in the development of algebraic notation.

Rosetta probe is an ongoing mission by the ESA to study and land a smaller probe on the surface of a comet.

Albert Girard, 1595 - 1632, was a French mathematician, who introduced 'sin', 'cos' and 'tan' as abbreviations for the trigonometric functions, and discovered the rules for summing the powers of the roots of any equation.

Émilie du Châtelet, 1706 - 1749, was a French mathematician and physicist, who translated Newton's Principia Mathematica, and developed the theory of kinetic energy.

A horror theme of science-fiction is the invasion of the body and mind by a parasite intelligence, which then takes over.

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, 1858 - 1937, was an Indian physicist who worked in the field of radio and plant science, and is considered India's greatest scientist.

A very useful radioisotope for archeology is carbon-14. It was invented by Willard Libby in the 1940s, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960.

MDC: More Developed Countries. A term used in preference to 'First World', or 'The West', to refer to OECD countries, or wealthy, industrialised nations.

Jacob (or Jakob) Bernoulli, 1654 - 1705, was a Swiss mathematician, and the first of long series of Bernoulli family members, all mathematicians, whose combined contributions to mathematics and physics is unequalled in history.

William Herschel, 1738 - 1822, is one of the most famous of all astronomers, best remembered for his discovery of Uranus in 1781.

[Environment] GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies, operated by NASA.

Claudia Zaslavsky, 1917 - 2006, American ethnomathematician, who studied the links between mathematics and world cultures.

George Polya, 1887 - 1985, Hungarian mathematician, who made fundamental contributions to heuristics, combinatorics and number theory.