Gregor Johann Mendel
1822 - 1884
Gregor Mendel is known as 'the Father of Modern Genetics' published his work, Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden [Experiments on Plant Hybridization], on hereditary traits of peas, in 1866. The insight of his work became apparent later when the science of genetics confirmed his findings.
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Moravian (German-speaking)
Biology, genetics
hereditary rules, meteorology
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment (later known as Mendel's Laws of Inheritance)
'Invisible factors' (today called genes) in hereditary can be of two types: dominant or recessive.
Pea characteristics identified by cross-breeding, laying down the mathematical rules for the passing on of dominant and recessive genes in heredity.
Mendel studied 29,000 pea plant for seven characteristics: height, pod shape, pod colour, seed shape, seed colour, flower location and colour. He discovered that there were precise mathematical relationships: 25% of plants had recessive alleles, 50% were hybrid, 25% were purebred dominant.
Dominant and recessive genes produce offspring with characteristics 75% dominant gene and 25% recessive gene
(Biographies of famous scientists no. 18)
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